Posts tagged: chinook salmon

Shasta, Scott Rivers About to Experience a Large Scale Fish Kill? Low Flows, High Temps Say Yes…

September 24, 2009, by 5 comments

Record low flows and strong fall Chinook salmon run could spell disaster on Klamath tributary

The following is a press release received from Craig Tucker (of the Yurok Tribe) and the Klamath Riverkeeper. It’s not what you’d call great news: Excessive agricultural surface and groundwater withdrawals – and the willingness of state and federal agencies to look the other way – are imperiling salmon and steelhead populations in these two major spawning tributaries of the Klamath River:

Thursday, September 24, 2009

High numbers of fall Chinook salmon returning to the Shasta River are coming home to record low flows and extremely hot weather this week, creating ideal conditions for a large-scale fish kill in the Shasta River. Biologists and water managers with state and federal agencies are monitoring the situation closely as irrigators continue to maximize water withdrawals through the late September heat wave.

“We need to get more water in the river immediately,” said Erica Terence of Klamath Riverkeeper. “Unfortunately, the fish are moving much quicker than the resource managers on the Scott and Shasta Rivers this year.” The USGS realtime streamflow gage on the Shasta River shows record low flows for the last several days, as it has much of the summer. Temperatures are forecasted to be in the 90s through the weekend.

With 1,319 fish past the California Department of Fish and Game’s counting station in the Shasta River canyon as of Sept 22nd, this year’s fall Chinook run is shaping up to be among the largest in the last 20 years on the Shasta. Whether the fish are able to migrate and spawn throughout the basin, or whether the fish turn up dead, will be determined by the extent of irrigation deliveries over the next week. CDFG’s fish counting station on the adjacent Scott River is not yet operational.

“Unfettered agricultural diversions are playing Russian roulette with salmon, and it’s the commercial fishermen and Tribal people downriver who will deal with the consequences,” said Terence. She noted that the sacrifices of commercial salmon fishermen, who face a season closure caused by low returns to the Sacramento River, may be in vain if river conditions do not allow a successful spawning season.

Klamath Riverkeeper is surveying the Shasta River for fish mortalities and is monitoring locations where fish are currently holding in deeper, colder pools. Representatives of multiple organizations and agencies are also keeping tabs on the situation. Unofficial reports indicate at least 7 dead adult Chinook have been documented in the river at this time and fisheries managers and advocates would like to avoid an increase in that number.

Agricultural diversions and groundwater pumping have de-watered the Scott and reduced the Shasta to a trickle for much of the summer. Both tributaries were once abundant salmon producers and are recognized by scientists as key priorities in the effort to restore Klamath basin salmon. Terence added, “We cannot rely on dam removal alone to fix this watershed, it’s time to address the steadily increasing agricultural demand on the Klamath’s water.” The Shasta River was once the most productive salmon stream, for its size, in the state of California. Peer-reviewed science on the adjacent Scott River has demonstrated that decreasing flows cannot be fully explained by climate change.

This year’s record low flows come as CDFG is releasing its final Watershed Wide Incidental Take Permit Program for the Scott and Shasta basins – a controversial and potentially precedent-setting project that would widen allowances for coho kills from agricultural de-watering and other impacts. Klamath Riverkeeper is joining with other salmon allies to oppose the program. Terence said, “With conditions deteriorating for fish every year on the Scott and Shasta, CDFG should be proposing programs that expand protections for fish, not destroy them as the watershed wide permits would do.” She added, “the Scott and Shasta are now growing more alfalfa than they are fish – and its time for that to change.”

Irrigation season ends on the Scott and Shasta Rivers during the month of October.

I’d love to add a poignant twist to all this, but in truth, I’m too pissed off to do so. The politcal environment up here is so backwards (those who participated in our Stream Access/Land Use Planning Nightmare know the County Board of Supervisors would happily see every last fish disappear from the area), and it seems the agencies charged with protecting wildlife are willing to turn a blind eye in efforts to maintain good working relationships with irrigators.

How’s that working for us?

Just so you can watch the water levels dwindle in near realtime, here’s the USGS Streamflow Gage for the lower Shasta River can be found here.

More information on this summer’s Shasta and Scott flow crisis can be found here.

Woot! Woot! Nature Conservancy Buys Big Springs Ranch – Critical Piece of Salmon Recovery Puzzle in Shasta, Klamath Rivers

March 17, 2009, by 9 comments

Finally, some good news for salmon: The Nature Conservancy just dropped $14.2 million to buy the Shasta Big Springs Ranch – the source of much of the cold spring water that formerly turned the Shasta River (in northern Siskiyou County) into one of the most productive salmon rearing habitats on the West Coast.

When I spoke to him this morning, CalTrout biologist Curtis Knight said “This is a critical element to restoring coho in one of the Klamath’s most important tributaries. It’s huge. It’s cool.”

For those unaware of the topology, the Shasta River runs through the Shasta Valley and empties into the Klamath River. Upwards of 80,000 Chinook salmon used to jam into the river, and it’s some of the most productive Coho salmon rearing habitat on the West coast.

One of the former owners of Big Springs Creek (the trib bought by the Nature Conservancy) remembers that, as a child, she was awakened at night by the “thousands of thrashing salmon” in the creek.

Last year, only 30 coho salmon returned to Big Springs Creek. In total.

Dewatering, Cattle Damage Main Culprits

Dewatering, overgrazing and other cattle damage, diversion dams, and Dwinnell Dam (Lake Shastina) have absolutely hammered salmon populations on the Shasta River, and while Chinook populations are in trouble, Coho salmon have taken the biggest hit.

That’s because Coho live in the watershed for a whole year before heading to the ocean, and despite the spring-fed nature of the Shasta River (and Big Springs Creek), dewatering and destruction of habitat by cattle drove summer water temperatures into the lethal zone.

Knight said “The issue in the Shasta is they can’t make it through the summer due to all the diversions. The water heats up, and they’ve got no place to go. That’s why restoring Big Springs Creek is one of the big keys to restoring the Shasta River. ”

Ideal Rearing Habitat

The meandering, spring-fed, nutrient rich Shasta River is critical to salmon recovery because smolt growth rates in the river are exceptional. Given the proper water temperatures, the salmon smolts that are headed to the ocean are bigger than those coming from less-rich streams, which leads to much higher survival rates in the ocean – and much higher return rates later.

The San Francisco Chronicle covered the story here, and details the reasons for the precipitous decline in salmon:

Conservationists had been trying to get hold of the land for 30 years, but it was only in the last year and a half that biologists noticed a deadly plume of warm water flowing down from the ranch.

Cattle had tramped the banks so much that the creek spread out, making it shallow and slow-moving. The summer heat warmed the water, and there was no vegetation left to shade it from the blazing sun.

That’s when the conservancy stepped up efforts to persuade the last owner, Irene Busk, to sell. Besides the ranch, the conservancy purchased a conservation easement on 407 acres where Busk will continue her ranching operation.

The purchase, which was made with private funds, also will protect 3 miles of salmon and steelhead habitat along the upper Shasta River.

It’s a good day to be a salmon. Now I’m getting the heck out of here.

See you in the river, Tom Chandler.

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An Underground Sick Day: Life on the Couch

June 10, 2008, by 1 comment

I’m huddled inside, surrounded by all the usual springtime cold goodies (kleenex, cough syrup, tea, Wonderdog, etc).

Still, if I had to be sick, I didn’t pick a bad day for it; the wind is bending the L&T’s fruit trees almost to the ground, and the sky is bright blue – neither of which portends a great day on the river.

In fact, temperatures on our back porch have yet to reach 50 degrees, and it’s closing in on lunchtime in the second week in June.

I’m inside and working (though when my head gets full, the words come slowly), but still stealing a few minutes to read what’s on the Internet.

There’s a lot to comment on – and I’m saving some of it for coming days – but here’s a couple things to chew on while I’m brewing tea, and getting ready to renew my assault on the local fisheries.

Ode to Old Guys

Singlebarbed pens a wry observational piece about the value of old guys, and while he’s pretty much older than dirt himself, it’s still an engrossing read (and a rare glimpse into the Golden Gate Angling and Casting Club’s bygone years).

There’s something magical about Old Guys, which is why I enjoy their company so much. I liken it to the baseball pitcher that knows he’s only got 90 pitches in his arm, and treats each without wasted motion, executing the delivery without the frantic movement of youth or temper, merely going about his business as thoroughly as his arm allows.

Salmon as Invasive Species?

While Chinook Salmon populations plummet along the USA’s west coast, in South America, Chinook are finding a home for themselves in the region’s undammed, largely unpolluted rivers.

Hard to believe it’s the same species. But the chinook salmon, conservation heartbreak of the U.S. West Coast, is invading and thriving in South America.

Chinook, or king salmon, largest of the five North American salmon species, reached South America some 25 years ago as people tried to farm them there, says Cristián Correa of McGill University in Montreal. Now a broad survey of records and stream visits finds chinook reproducing on their own in at least 10 Andean watersheds that empty into the Pacific…

In a decade or two, will we be in the embarrassing position of flying to South America to catch salmon we’ve extirpated from our own rivers?

See you on the couch, Tom Chandler.

Delta Water Diverters Slapped (Hard) By Federal Judge Over Proposed Increase in Water Exports

April 17, 2008, by 4 comments

Dan Bacher does a beautiful job of summarizing a recent (and complex) legal ruling by Federal Judge Wagner denying a plan to export more water from the California Delta — even as salmon, steelhead, and other fish populations are in a state of collapse:

Federal judge Oliver Wanger today tossed out a controversial water plan that would have allowed more pumping of water from the imperiled California Delta at the expense of five species of protected chinook salmon and steelhead trout.

Recreational fishing, commercial fishing and conservation groups and the Winnemem Wintu Tribe celebrated the ruling as a victory for the millions of Californians who depend on the delta for drinking water, fishing jobs and agriculture. The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta is the largest and most significant estuary on the West Coast – and increased state and federal exports to subsidized agribusiness and southern California in recent years are a key factor in the collapse of Sacramento River salmon.

In his opinion Judge Oliver W. Wanger relied on the National Marine Fisheries Services’ (NMFS) own finding that diverting water from the bay-delta was killing huge numbers of salmon. He said, “This morbid projection is inconsistent, if not irreconcilable” with the agency’s opinion that the project operations did not jeopardize the survival of the fish. He also faulted the agency for failing to analyze the effects of global warming on the fish, calling that failure “arbitrary and capricious.”

"How extirpation of approaching one-third of the species affected by Project operations does not constitute jeopardy is not explained," said Wanger. "NMFS’s no jeopardy conclusion for the Project operations’ effects on the spring-run Chinook is expressly contradicted by underlying data and opinions of the BiOp."

More Bad News for Fishermen

The ocean fishing season for salmon has already been killed off by extremely low returns, and it looks like a zero-take policy will apply to river fisheries too:

The Commission will decide on whether or not to close salmon season on Central Valley rivers at its meeting in Monterey on May 9. However, it is extremely likely that the Commission will close salmon fishing on the Sacramento, American, Feather, San Joaquin and other rivers in conformance with the PFMC’s "zero take" allowance for the dwindling salmon population.

An Underground Rant

Here’s the scenario; salmon populations in the Sacramento River are collapsing (several species, including the stalwart Chinook run), steelhead are hurting, Delta Smelt and Longfin Smelt are on the brink of extinction, and they want to export more water from the Delta?

Here’s a thought: maybe it’s time California learned to live within its water budget.

More Fallout From the West Coast Salmon Season Closure (or, "Oh Crap")

March 14, 2008, by 5 comments

With partial closure of the West Coast’s commercial and sport chinook salmon seasons already a fact and a full closure of the season not far behind, the media are sitting up and taking notice.

The economic impacts will surely be huge — big enough to garner attention from around the globe. I thought a quick roundup of articles from a range of media outlets would prove educational. I was right.

First, Britain’s U.K. Independent weighs in with an excellent overview of the situation, including a map of the West Coast of the US (was it for their readers, or the vast majority of geographically challenged Americans?).

America’s west coast looks set to lose almost all of its wild salmon harvest this year, depriving fish retailers and restaurants around the world of one of their key sources of high-quality fish, and raising troubling questions about the viability of commercial fishing in an age of climate change and increased competition over water use.

The New York Times writes some typically tight lead paragraphs focused on the gravity of the situation: Read more →

Commercial, Sport Salmon Seasons Called OFF

March 13, 2008, by 4 comments

Commercial and sport fishing seasons for salmon on the West Coast are being closed completely due to the dismal Sacramento chinook runs experienced during the fall of 2007.

Read more →

Central Valley Salmon Populations Facing "Unprecedented Collapse"

January 30, 2008, by 5 comments

image We first covered this in March, so I wasn’t totally surprised to find “collapse” headlines screaming at us from every newsfeed: The chinook salmon runs in the Sacramento River are the second lowest ever recorded, and the 90,000 adult fish are only one-tenth the all-time high (800,000 recorded five years ago).

From the LA Times:

SACRAMENTO — – Faced with an “unprecedented collapse” of California’s Central Valley salmon population, federal regulators warned Tuesday that the West Coast fishing industry is on course toward steep restrictions this year.

The number of chinook salmon returning to the Sacramento River plummeted to near historic lows last year, and fishery experts are predicting similarly light returns this year.

Donald McIsaac, director of the Pacific Fishery Management Council, said the reason for the decline remains unclear.

There’s been a lot of speculation about the non-availability of food for juvenile salmon due to ocean conditions (which many scientists are linking to climate change issues), yet one group remains convinced the problem is at least partially due to Delta water diversions:

The Sacramento River’s “missing salmon” were juveniles migrating to sea in spring 2005, when state and federal water managers “set records for pumping delta water south,” said Mike Sherwood, an attorney with Earthjustice, a nonprofit environmental legal group that has been jousting with water managers over water exports.

The Environmental News Service is carrying a slightly more detailed article than the LA Times, but you don’t really have to read the fine print to guess what comes next.

Fishing closures (both sport and commercial), the inevitable government payouts, and yes — the finger pointing.

There are a lot of people hoping this is a one-time event, but the low number of returning “jack” salmon (two year-old fish) suggests poor returns in 2008.

Is this an artifact of global climate change? Are the ghosts of all those delta water diversions and habitat compromises finally coming back to haunt us?

See you buying tofu, Tom Chandler.

UPDATES: Singlebarbed weighed in last night. Now the Eugene, Oregon Register Guard considers the economic consequences to Oregon’s coastal fishing communities — already pummeled by Klamath-related closures and this year’s disastrously low catches:

Earlier this year, the Oregon Salmon Commission released figures that depict one of the worst salmon seasons on record. The fleet landed 463,500 pounds, about 20,000 pounds less than in 2006 — a more restricted season. Between 1979 and 2007, chinook landings have averaged more than 2 million pounds. In only two of those years have landings dropped below 500,000 pounds.

The fleet earned $2.6 million in 2007, slightly less than what trollers brought in the year before, despite the highest price per pound fishermen have fetched since 1981: $5.64.

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